Commercial loan underwriting guidelines come down to cash flow ( DCR), loan to value (LTV), credit worthiness and property analysis. Although the process to evaluate a potential commercial mortgage is basically the same from one bank the next, their various appetite for both risk and minimum rates of return are what separates one bank from the next.

Underwriting Commercial Loan Cash Flow

Cash flow is paramount to underwriting commercial loans. Within the industry the cashflow analysis is refereed to as the Debt Coverage Ratio ( DCR). For both owner occupied and investment transactions underwriters normally want to see ratio’s above a 1.20. In other words, for every $1 of mortgage debt the property or business has to have $1.20 of net income to meet the mortgage payments.

Debt coverage ratio minimums vary from one lender to the next, property type and occupancy (investment or owner occ). “Riskier” property types such as hotels or car washes will be required to have higher cash flow levels, ie DCR at or above 1.3.

Credit Worthiness

The borrowers personal and business credit worthiness is also important and will be heavily scrutinized. Personal credit scores have become a bigger issues as the acceptance of the three bureau have become widespread. D & B’s as well as other measures are normally used to asses the creditworthiness of businesses that are involved.

Property Analysis Commercial Underwriting
Fair market rent and fair market value is heavily measured. Condition, age, appearance, town population, market trends as well as other more property type specifics are examined.

Commercial Underwriting – Loan to Value

Loan to value is simply the value of the subject property vs the loan amount. I.e if the property is worth $2,000,000 and the loan amount is $1,500,000 the LTV is 75%. This is a huge issue within commercial loan underwriting and a big separator between lending institutions. Some lenders will get very aggressive with this while other will be very conservative.

The property type has a major influence on loan to values that are offered on commercial loans. For example restaurant loans will normally be capped at 65% while more general purpose properties such as retail will be limited to 75%.

Commercial underwriters will give more leeway to buildings that are owner occupied vs. investment properties. Loan to value on purchase can go as high as 90% on owner occupants vs 75% on investments, for example.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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2008 has been a very tricky year for all involved in the commercial mortgage business and SBA commercial loans are no exception, to the surprise of many. Numbers are down across the board and some estimates are coming in that the SBA 7a program (the most popular) will have closed roughly half of what they did in 2007, in terms of loan volume. Number of closed loans is also way down.

Many industry players have been really shocked by this outcome. After all, the government set the program up in an effort to help stimulate the economy and many players where betting that the SBA loans would be relatively stable and undamaged.

There’s seems to be a couple of key issues here that have slowed closings besides the obvious liquidity problems. For one and this is no surprise, both the SBA 504 and the 7a are expensive compared to conventional loans. From the broker’s perspective, selling the 2.75% SBA guarantee fee on the 7a program is no easy task. And it doesn’t matter to a lot of borrowers, especially those that are use to more competitive conventional loans, that the fee is rolled into the loan amount. Or that this might be their only real option.

Also, the quarterly adjustable rate is scaring some borrowers away as they contemplate what and where Prime might be going. We’ve had many borrowers talk about the Jimmy Carter days when Prime was in the 20%. So many borrowers are passing and just sitting on the sidelines waiting for conventional to come back. For example, we have several borrowers waiting that have hard money loans and would rather pay their double digit rates than refinance into an adjustable rate. The issue is that they don’t want to have to refinance again in a few years and pay for the third party costs again. Of course this assumes that conventional loans will be back.

Another issue has been that the SBA recently rewrote their 800 page manual and made it a more manageable 200 pages. A great effort for more simplicity and efficiencies have unfortunately caused a lot of confusion as many underwriters have been left with unanswered questions about what the new guidelines are, exactly. This confusion and doubt has been an incentive for some banks to pass on the SBA programs. Unfortunately the timing on this couldn’t have been worse.

What are the liquidity issues? As many readers are aware most banks that fund SBA loans do so with the intent of selling the debt off onto the commercial secondary market. Now that this market is so beat up and that there are few buyers, banks have to hold onto the debt on their balance sheet. For some banks this goes against their business model and for other it’s not even an option as they have their own liquidity issues. Many banks can’t or don’t want to be portfolio lenders.

However, despite the problems it is worth noting that the SBA loans are still standing and there are banks that are still closing loans with the SBA guarantees. While conventional is basically out completely for the time being. For example, try getting a car wash loan done right now without the SBA guarantee. Or a hotel loan or a restaurant loan. There are very few conventional loans out there that will even discuss a special purpose property with you if it’s not going through a government sponsored program.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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Instead, borrowers should be focused on portfolio lenders, i.e. banks or lenders that hold the debt on their balance sheet. This is the opposite of what we have seen in the last decade as most restaurant lenders packaged and sold their loans off onto the secondary market and thus rid themselves of the loan in exchange for a split.

Portfolio lenders can be difficult to find though. And they don’t really advertise themselves as such. Borrowers should be prepared to call many banks to find sources that are set up as portfolio lenders and that are willing to consider a special purpose property like a restaurant. Many banks are shying away from this building type. We’re occasional are asked why.

The reason boils down to the difficulty in recollecting the bank’s capital in case of borrower default. When a borrower defaults on a loan, the bank has to go through the foreclosure process, than they have to sell the property on the open market to recoup their capital. Because the building itself was designed as a restaurant it cannot adequately be used for anything other than a restaurant – thus limiting their pool of potential buyers, making it harder to sell.

As far as terms, restaurant loans are almost all now quarterly adjustable. However rates are very strong due to Prime being as low as it is (currently at 4%). We are seeing most restaurant loans in the 6%’s now. Via government sponsored loan programs borrowers can still expect 85% financing on purchases and up to 85% on refinance transactions.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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First of all CMBS lenders (commercial mortgage backed securities) are a nontraditional source of capital that due to their “back office” structure have produced some of the most creative and aggressive restaurant loan options in the industry. For example 85% financing and 30 year fixed rates on restaurants, with rates right in line with bank financing. They’re able to do this because the individual loans are pooled together and sold to investors in the form of bonds, which essentially reduces the investors risk due to the diversification of loan structure, building type, and geography.

CMBS lenders do not like the franchise agreement between the franchisee and franchisor. In essence, these agreements are very cumbersome and limit the rights of the lender in case of borrower default. It becomes more difficult for the lender to go after the collateral to get paid back. So, many of these creative restaurant loan options are not available to the borrower.

If your in a franchise agreement now, and own the property your business occupies, then consider the SBA 7a loan for your refinance. Many borrowers are under the wrong impression that they cannot refinance with SBA loans. The exception are if the new loan will save the borrower 20% on their existing mortgage payment (this is on a cash flow basis), existing loan floats, has a balloon on it or if their existing interest rate will be reduced by 2% or more (keep in mind that most rates are currently in the 6%’s) from the proposed 7a loan refinance.

Also, another major misperception about the SBA 7a loan is that it’s always a floating rate loan. 99% of the time this is accurate. However there are a few sources that offer this program as a 5 year fixed 25 year amortization loan.

If, and going back to the original point, you own your property and run a non franchise restaurant out of it, then you’ll have all three options available to you – CMBS, SBA and conventional. With CMBS loans you will have the option of 30 year amortization loans, rates fixed for as long as 30 years, loan to values as high as 75% on refinance and 85% on purchases.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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Conventional financing for restaurants, meaning loan issued directly by the funding banks, without any guarantee by the SBA or other such institutions, are getting very conservative. Loan to values are hover at 55% on refinances and 60% on purchases. Debt coverage ratios have tightened as well from a 1.25 to a 1.3 and with some banks a 1.4. Meaning that for every $1 of proposed mortgage debt the borrower would still have $.40 left over after all expenses and proposed mortgage have been paid.

In addition, the cap rates have really been taking a beating with conventional sources. For example, I recently spoke to a bank loan officer that said they are putting on a minimum 10% capitalization rate on all restaurants regardless of the market.

The solution is to think non conventional for either purchase or refinance money. For example it’s still possible to get 85% financing on purchases on a 5 year fixed 25 year amortization loan, if you work through the right sources.

One loan program that deserves mention is the SBA 7a loan as it was designed for niche building types like restaurants, motels, etc. They can go as low as a 1.1 debt coverage ratio, and business projection can be used to supplement cash flow if it’s too low to meet the guidelines. Which in a cash business like restaurants, where most owners understate there income is very important.

CMBS sources are still out there though on a limited basis. For example, a 30 year fixed rate mortgage at 80% financing is still available. Primary benefit of course is that the borrower doesn’t have to worry about their rate fluctuating.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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SBA 7a loan has many benefits on both purchase AND refinances, despite the notorious reputation it has with some borrowers. Most of these earlier issues have been ironed out in the last 5 years though borrowers should be careful who they work with, as bank that are inexperienced with the SBA can quickly complicate the process.

Examples of the benefits include 85% financing and low rates at prime + 1-2% for most borrowers. Right now Prime is at 5%. An effective rate of 6% from a historical stand point on a special use property such as a restaurant is exceptional. In addition, most 7a loans are amortized over 25 years helping the borrower spread out their loan and thereby increasing cash flow as compared to most traditional bank loans of 15 or 20 year amortizations. Working lines of credit, equipment, and construction/renovation loans can easily be tied into the loan.

One of the other huge benefits is the flexibility this program has for cash flow analysis aka debt coverage ratios. Most sources want to see a 1.3 on this type of building while the SBA 7a loan only needs a 1.1. In other words, the business needs to show that for every $1. of proposed mortgage payments that the restaurant has $1.30 of net income to cover the proposed loan. So after all expenses have been paid including the mortgage the restaurant should have $.30 left over. With the 7a it would only have to be $.10 left over which can be a big difference for most business that have tight cash flow.

Further, the borrower is allowed to use future business projections as well, to supplement any existing short falls in cash flow. This is not possible with 99% of the other options out there as they will only look at historical statements like your tax returns, balance sheet or profit and loss statements.

The negative with the 7a loan is that the rate typically floats and the SBA has a guarantee fee of 2.75% of 75% of the loan balance. However this is not always the case. For example, we have a source that offers this as a 5 year fixed, 25 year amortization loan. And there are banks out there that will absorb or pay for the guarantee fee themselves.

The short of it is if you’re looking for a restaurant loan keep you eye on the 7a loan.

Author: Jeff Rauth
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
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